Todo negocio, aunque sea pequeño, debe empezar con el pie derecho. Gran parte del éxito tiene que ver con elegir el ramo al que te dedicarás: venta o prestación de servicios, la elección del lugar de trabajo, del personal, conseguir proveedores, etcétera.
Pero hay otro aspecto que muchas veces la gente no considera por un error de percepción. Este es el de que tu negocio este respaldado por una sociedad mercantil (S.A. o S de RL), en lugar de que actúes como persona física.
Ser una persona moral "empresa" te trae grandes beneficios como son:
1. Las reglas en la distribución de los ingresos y egresos son claras desde el inicio con tus socios.
2. También es claro cómo quedará la administración del negocio.
3. Las deducciones fiscales pueden llegar a ser mayores para las personas morales.
4. La más importante, es que tienes un velo corporativo. ¿Qué es esto? a pues esto quiere decir que en caso de que llegues a tener algún percance con algún empleado o proveedor, este no podrá tocar los bienes que son de tu propiedad, sino únicamente podrá demandarte hasta por el monto máximo de tus aportaciones en la Empresa.
5. Los bancos y algunos programas gubernamentales, le dan mayores créditos a las personas morales.
6. En muchas ocasiones hay licitaciones públicas dirigidas exclusivamente a empresas.
Algunos mitos sobre las personas morales (empresas):
1. La gente cree que es complicado y tardado. La verdad no lo es, con un buen abogado corporativo que te asesore desde el inicio, la empresa será un traje a la medida para tus necesidades y tendrás la empresa constituida en un plazo 4 semanas aproximadamente.
2. La gente cree que es costoso. Realmente no lo es, en el caso de una Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada (S de RL) el capital mínimo fijo es de $3,000.00 pesos y en el caso de una Sociedad Anónima (SA) es de $50,000.00 pesos (pero sólo se requiere al principio, una aportación del 20%, es decir $10,000.00 pesos).
Quiero constituír una empresa: ¿Qué debo hacer?
Son varios los puntos a analizar, lo más importante es que cuentes con una buena asesoría de un abogado y un contador desde el inicio. Mucha gente acude al notario y este les brinda una asesoría deficiente y les da un "machote" que no se adecua a las necesidades de los futuros socios. Por eso lo principal es asesorarte con un abogado corporativo que te explique cuáles son los tipos de sociedades que existen y te haga un traje a la medida tanto en los estatutos sociales (reglas propias de la empresa) como en los títulos de acciones, libros corporativos, contratos, etc.; de acuerdo a las necesidades que tendrá la nueva empresa y sus socios.
Regularmente los pasos para hacer el negocio son[1]:
a) Solicitud de permiso ante la Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. Trámite que se lleva a cabo para determinar la denominación (nombre) bajo el que se constituirá la nueva empresa.
b) Redacción de los estatutos de la Empresa. Este punto es el más importante de todo el proceso de la constitución, se trata como ya se mencionó de “hacer un traje a la medida”. Pues se determinan las reglas para la administración, control y operación de la nueva empresa, así como los derechos y obligaciones de los accionistas, entre otros.
c) Formalización de la Empresa. Una vez concluidos los pasos anteriores, se procede a la formalización de los estatutos y escritura constitutiva de la nueva empresa ante notario o corredor público.
d) Inscripción en el Registro Público del Comercio. Se le asignará un número de folio mercantil bajo el que se deberán asentar diversos cambios y actualizaciones que se vayan presentando en la Empresa.
e) Inscripción para el cumplimiento de obligaciones fiscales. Se dará de alta la Empresa ante el Servicio de Administración Tributaria (SAT), dependiente de la Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público (SHCP) y obtendrá su RFC (Registro Federal de Contribuyentes), Clave CIEC (Clave de Identificación Electrónica Confidencial) y FIEL (Firma Electrónica Avanzada).
f) Otras acciones de carácter corporativo. Apertura de libros corporativos, y emisión de títulos de acciones provisionales y definitivos.
Soluciones Empresariales y Parlamentarias, S.C.
55983441 / 55983458
mail@separ.com.mx
twitter: @abogadospymes
facebook.com/abogados.pymes
[1] Se contemplan exclusivamente para una persona moral con exclusión de extranjeros en la que no se requieran permisos o autorizaciones excepcionales de autoridades y en la que los socios acudirán en persona ante el notario.
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Estimado lector, agradecemos su aportación.
Los comentarios vertidos en el presente artículo tienen la finalidad de ser consejos GENERALES, por tal motivo para el caso concreto es necesario asesorarse con un especialista en cada ramo.
Quedamos a sus órdenes,
Soluciones Empresariales y Parlamentarias, S.C.
Depende
Con respeto les comento que no necesariamente una persona moral es más benefica, pues estas tributan con tasa del 30% en ISR, y las personas físicas podrían tributar en tarifas que van desde 5% hasta 30% dependiendo de sus ingresos acumulables.
Es parcialmente correcto lo que mencionan, pero las implicaiones fiscales son más importantes desde mi punto de vista.
Saludos.